🩷 𝗕𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥🎗
Clinical Surgery | High-Yield Summary 🩺
🔴 𝗧𝗬𝗣𝗘𝗦
🩷 Invasive ductal carcinoma (NST) → Most common.
🩷 Invasive lobular carcinoma.
🩷 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
🩷 Inflammatory breast cancer.
🩷 Paget disease of the nipple.
⚠️ 𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗚𝗦 / 𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗦
🩷 Painless, hard breast lump.
🩷 Skin dimpling or peau d’orange.
🩷 Nipple retraction or bloody discharge.
🩷 Change in breast size or shape.
🩷 Axillary lymphadenopathy.
🩷 Persistent skin redness or thickening.
🔍 𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗦
🩷 Clinical examination.
🩷 Imaging: Mammography ± ultrasound.
🩷 Core needle biopsy → Confirms diagnosis.
🩷 Biomarker testing: ER, PR, and HER2.
🎀 𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚
🩷 Mammography is the main screening tool.
🩷 Screening age and interval depend on guidelines and individual risk.
🩷 Breast MRI for selected high-risk women.
🩷 Breast self-awareness helps identify changes but does not replace screening.
💊 𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧
💡 Surgery: Breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy.
🏥 Radiotherapy: Usually after breast-conserving surgery.
💊 Hormonal therapy: For ER/PR-positive tumors.
🏥 Chemotherapy: According to stage and tumor biology.
🩹 Targeted therapy: e.g., trastuzumab for HER2-positive tumors.
❤️ Immunotherapy: For selected cases.
✅ 𝗞𝗘𝗬 𝗣𝗢𝗜𝗡𝗧
👆 Treatment depends on the stage, tumor biology, receptor status, and patient's condition.
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